Fyodor Bondarchuk was born in Moscow in the family of film director Sergei Bondarchuk (Сергей Бондарчук) and actress Irina Skobtseva (Иринa Скобцевa). He studied directing at VGIK (State Institute of Cinematography) in the classes of Igor Talankin and Yuri Ozerov. In 1991 he founded with his friend Stephan Mikhalkov the company Art Pictures Group, one of the first production companies of music videos and commercials in Russia. Fyodor Bondarchuk is one of the creators of the festival of advertising films Generation (Поколение).
Fyodor Bondarchuk began his acting career in his father Sergei Bondarchuk's film Boris Godunov, then starred in Yuri Ozerov's films Stalingrad and Angels of Death. He appeared in several films by Russian directors of the younger generation, such as Ivan Okhlobystin, Roman Kachanov, Ilya Khrzhanovsky.
Since 2002 Fyodor Bondarchuk has been presenting programs on the CTC TV channel. For his work on television in 2003 he was awarded the Russian TEFI (ТЭФИ) prize.
A prominent figure in Moscow high society, he is one of the owners of the Vanille (Ваниль) restaurant in Moscow. After producing several films by other directors, Bondarchuk made his first big-budget project in 2005, the film The Ninth Company, about the war in Afghanistan.